943 research outputs found
Bloch inductance in small-capacitance Josephson junctions
We show that the electrical impedance of a small-capacitance Josephson
junction includes besides the capacitive term also an inductive
term . Similar to the known Bloch capacitance , the Bloch
inductance also depends periodically on the quasicharge , and its
maximum value achieved at always exceeds the value of
the Josephson inductance of this junction at fixed . The
effect of the Bloch inductance on the dynamics of a single junction and a
one-dimensional array is described.Comment: 5 pages incl. 3 fig
Assessing T cell clonal size distribution: a non-parametric approach
Clonal structure of the human peripheral T-cell repertoire is shaped by a
number of homeostatic mechanisms, including antigen presentation, cytokine and
cell regulation. Its accurate tuning leads to a remarkable ability to combat
pathogens in all their variety, while systemic failures may lead to severe
consequences like autoimmune diseases. Here we develop and make use of a
non-parametric statistical approach to assess T cell clonal size distributions
from recent next generation sequencing data. For 41 healthy individuals and a
patient with ankylosing spondylitis, who undergone treatment, we invariably
find power law scaling over several decades and for the first time calculate
quantitatively meaningful values of decay exponent. It has proved to be much
the same among healthy donors, significantly different for an autoimmune
patient before the therapy, and converging towards a typical value afterwards.
We discuss implications of the findings for theoretical understanding and
mathematical modeling of adaptive immunity.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Josephson tunnel junctions with nonlinear damping for RSFQ-qubit circuit applications
We demonstrate that shunting of Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor
Josephson junctions by Superconductor-Insulator-Normal metal (S-I-N) structures
having pronounced non-linear I-V characteristics can remarkably modify the
Josephson dynamics. In the regime of Josephson generation the phase behaves as
an overdamped coordinate, while in the superconducting state the damping and
current noise are strikingly small, that is vitally important for application
of such junctions for readout and control of Josephson qubits. Superconducting
Nb/AlO/Nb junction shunted by Nb/AlO/AuPd junction of S-I-N type
was fabricated and, in agreement with our model, exhibited non-hysteretic I-V
characteristics at temperatures down to at least 1.4 K.Comment: 4 pages incl. 3 figure
Thue-Morse constant is not badly approximable
We prove that Thue–Morse constant τTM=0.01101001…2 is not a badly approximable number. Moreover, we prove that τTM(a)=0.01101001…a is not badly approximable for every integer base a≥2 such that a is not divisible by 15. At the same time, we provide a precise formula for convergents of the Laurent series f~TM(z)=z−1∏∞n=1(1−z−2n), thus developing further the research initiated by Alf van der Poorten and others
Aluminum Single Electron Transistors with Islands Isolated from a Substrate
The low-frequency noise figures of single-electron transistors
(electrometers) of traditional planar and new stacked geometry were compared.
We observed a correlation between the charge noise and the contact area of the
transistor island with a dielectric substrate in the set of Al transistors
located on the same chip and having almost similar electric parameters. We have
found that the smaller the contact area the lower the noise level of the
transistor. The lowest noise value 8*10E-6 e/sqrt(Hz) at f = 10 Hz. has been
measured in a stacked transistor with an island which was completely isolated
from a substrate. Our measurements have unambiguously indicated that the
dominant source of the background charge fluctuations is associated with a
dielectric substrateComment: Review paper, latex, 10 pages, 7 figures, to be publ. in JLTP, 2000;
Proceeding of "Electron Transport in Mesoscopic Systems", August 12-15, 1999
Geteborg, Sweden, http://fy.chalmers.se/meso_satellite/index.html See also
LT22 manuscript: http://lt22.hut.fi/cgi/view?id=S1113
Single-charge devices with ultrasmall Nb/AlOx/Nb trilayer Josephson junctions
Josephson junction transistors and 50-junction arrays with linear junction
dimensions from 200 nm down to 70 nm were fabricated from standard Nb/AlOx/Nb
trilayers. The fabrication process includes electron beam lithography, dry
etching, anodization, and planarization by chemical-mechanical polishing. The
samples were characterized at temperatures down to 25 mK. In general, all
junctions are of high quality and their I-U characteristics show low leakage
currents and high superconducting energy gap values of 1.35 meV. The
characteristics of the transistors and arrays exhibit some features in the
subgap area, associated with tunneling of Cooper pairs, quasiparticles and
their combinations due to the redistribution of the bias voltage between the
junctions. Total island capacitances of the transistor samples ranged from 1.5
fF to 4 fF, depending on the junction sizes. Devices made of junctions with
linear dimensions below 100 nm by 100 nm demonstrate a remarkable
single-electron behavior in both superconducting and normal state. We also
investigated the area dependence of the junction capacitances for transistor
and array samples.Comment: 19 pages incl. 2 tables and 11 figure
Cooper pair cotunneling in single charge transistors with dissipative electromagnetic environment
We observed current-voltage characteristics of superconducting single charge
transistors with on-chip resistors of R about R_Q = h/4e^2 = 6.45 kOhm, which
are explained in terms of Cooper-pair cotunneling. Both the effective strength
of Josephson coupling and the cotunneling current are modulated by the
gate-induced charge on the transistor island. For increasing values of the
resistance R we found the Cooper pair current at small transport voltages to be
dramatically suppressed.Comment: 4 pages and 2 figure
Josephson charge-phase qubit with radio frequency readout: coupling and decoherence
The charge-phase Josephson qubit based on a superconducting single charge
transistor inserted in a low-inductance superconducting loop is considered. The
loop is inductively coupled to a radio-frequency driven tank circuit enabling
the readout of the qubit states by measuring the effective Josephson inductance
of the transistor. The effect of qubit dephasing and relaxation due to electric
and magnetic control lines as well as the measuring system is evaluated.
Recommendations for operation of the qubit in magic points producing minimum
decoherence are given.Comment: 11 pages incl. 6 fig
Structurally optimized shells.
Shells, i.e., objects made of a thin layer of material following a surface,
are among the most common structures in use. They are highly efficient, in
terms of material required to maintain strength, but also prone to deformation
and failure. We introduce an efficient method for reinforcing shells, that is,
adding material to the shell to increase its resilience to external loads. Our
goal is to produce a reinforcement structure of minimal weight. It has been
demonstrated that optimal reinforcement structures may be qualitatively
different, depending on external loads and surface shape. In some cases, it
naturally consists of discrete protruding ribs; in other cases, a smooth shell
thickness variation allows to save more material.
Most previously proposed solutions, starting from classical Michell trusses,
are not able to handle a full range of shells (e.g., are restricted to
self-supporting structures) or are unable to reproduce this range of behaviors,
resulting in suboptimal structures.
We propose a new method that works for any input surface with any load
configurations, taking into account both in-plane (tensile/compression) and
out-of-plane (bending) forces. By using a more precise volume model, we are
capable of producing optimized structures with the full range of qualitative
behaviors. Our method includes new algorithms for determining the layout of
reinforcement structure elements, and an efficient algorithm to optimize their
shape, minimizing a non-linear non-convex functional at a fraction of the cost
and with better optimality compared to standard solvers.
We demonstrate the optimization results for a variety of shapes, and the
improvements it yields in the strength of 3D-printed objects
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